Vol. 70 No: 3

Title:
Some Dichlorvos Induced Plant Enzymes and Their Possible Influence on Field Control of Cotton Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae)

Authors:
E.O. OWUSU, C-S. KIM, M. HORIIKE and C. HIRANO

pp: 461-468

Abstract:
The potential for increased production of the detoxifying enzymes esterase and transferase in cucumber, eggplant, and okra by dichlorvos, and the possible effect of plant insecticide pretreatment on control of cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii, were investigated in a vinyl house. Among the three crops, okra had the highest potential to produce higher amounts of these enzymes, followed by cucumber and eggplant. However, induction of cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase, as measured by the amount of dieldrin produced by aldrin epoxidation, could be detected in okra only at a dichlorvos spray concentration of 500 ppm. These plant induced enzymes linking possibly with other unknown plant factors, generally contributed to 22%, 25%, and 60% reductions in cotton aphid mortality respectively on cucumber, eggplant, and okra. The results suggest among others that cotton aphid chemical control failures may not always be due to the direct effect of insecticide resistance and/or poor control strategies, but a probable consequence of a complex interplay of at least two contributing factors drawn from the viewpoints of both aphid-insecticide and plant-insecticide interactions.

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