Vol. 77 No: 1

Title:
Heat-shock induced somatic embryogenesis in callus cultures of gladiolus in the presence of high sucrose

Authors:
ANIL KUMAR, LOK MAN S. PALNI, ANIL SOOD, MADHU SHARMAA, UMA T. PALNI and AKSHEY K. GUPTA and AKSHEY K. GUPTA

pp: 73-78

Abstract:
Heat-shock (HS, 50°C 1 h) induced somatic embryogenesis (SE) or shoot bud differentiation (SB) in one year old cytokinin dependent and auxin independent callus cultures of Gladiolus hybridus Hort. grown on high (>174 mM) or low (<116 mM) sucrose medium, respectively. The effect of high sucrose on SE could not be attributed to its role as an osmotic agent alone, because additional sucrose (over and above the normal concentration of 58 mM sucrose) when replaced with mannitol resulted in SB. As in the case of HS, incorporation of putrescine into high sucrose medium also induced SE (and inhibited SB), whereas addition of putrescine to low sucrose medium induced SB. SE was not observed in cultures grown on low sucrose medium. There was more somatic embyro formation in cultures grown on medium gelled with agar than with phytagel. Histological studies revealed that embryo differentiation occurred from the surface layers of callus with no vascular connection with the parent tissue. The somatic embryos could be converted easily into plantlets (ca. 100%) upon transfer to a medium containing less sucrose (58 mM); the plantlets were subsequently transferred to the field, after hardening, with more than 70% survival.

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