Vol. 79 No: 1

Title:
Floral coloration and pigmentation in Calibrachoa cultivars

Authors:
K FUJIWARA, Y TANAKA, JONG-SEOK PARK and K KURATA

pp: 47-53

Abstract:
The floral pigment profiles of twenty Calibrachoa cultivars were determined and compared with the profiles of selected Petunia cultivars. Calibrachoas could be divided into two groups based on high (177±871.μg g^-1 FW) and low 2&plusm;9.μg g^-1 FW) carotenoid content; the groups were represented by yellow and white flowers, respectively. In addition to yellow cultivars, the high carotenoid content group included vivid-red and vivid-purplish-red cultivars that were characterized by a low floral pH of 4.5&plusm;4.8 and accumulation of delphinidin and petunidin, respectively, as the major floral anthocyanidin. In addition to cultivars with white flowers, the low carotenoid content group contained vivid-purple and vivid-red-purple cultivars that were characterized by higher (pH 5.4±5.7) and intermediate (pH 4.8±5.3) corolla pHs, respectively, and accumulation of malvidin. The strategies of calibrachoas and petunias for expressing yellow and red flowers were found to differ. For yellow flowers, calibrachoas use carotenoids, whereas petunias use flavonols plus carotenoids. For red flowers, calibrachoas use carotenoids, delphinidin and lower corolla pH, whereas petunias use cyanidin and lower corolla pH.

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