Vol. 80 No: 3

Title:
Somatic embryogenesis from nucellar callus of cashew

Authors:
SHIRLY RAICHAL ANIL and THIMMAPPAIAH

pp: 327-331

Abstract:
Calli were initiated from bisected ovules with intact nucelli from 3 week-old immature cashew nuts (Anacardium occidentale L. cvs. ´NRCC Sel-2`, ´Ullal-1`, ´Ullal-3`, ´Goa 11/6`, ´Vengurla-8` and ´Kanaka`) cultured on half-strength Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium (MS) containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxy-acetic acid (2,4-D; at 1.0 or 4.0 µM) alone, or a combination of 2,4-D (0.5, 1.0 or 4.0 µM) with 12 µM kinetin or 10 µM spermine. Calli, which became brown after 4-6 weeks, differentiated into somatic embryos on Raj Bhansali medium (RBM) containing 2,4-D (0.01 or 0.5 µM) and 30 µM kinetin or 10 µM spermine. Somatic embryos were initiated in 2.2 - 27.7% of cultures of cultivars ´Goa 11/6`, ´Kanaka` and ´Ullal-3` only. The number of somatic embryos increased more than 5-fold following suspension culture in RBM basal medium. Histological studies on nucellar calli revealed differentiation of all the developmental stages of somatic embryogenesis: a pro-embryonic mass, and globular and heart-shaped embryos. Somatic embryos matured on half-strength MS medium containing 18.9 µM abscisic acid, and 60% germinated on liquid medium containing 0.53 αµM-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 4.4 µM 6-benzylamino purine (BAP) giving plantlets with a well-developed tap-root and a shoot with rudimentary green leaves.

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